https://www.facebook.com/1927670340808845/

DERMA PRO, Multan (2026)

03/11/2017

Benzoyl peroxide

Benzoyl peroxide (BPO) is a medication and industrial chemical.

As a medication

it is used to treat mild to moderate acne.

For more severe cases it may be used together with other treatments.

Some versions come mixed with antibiotics.

Common side effects

are skin irritation, dryness, or peeling.

Use in pregnancy is of unclear safety.

Benzoyl peroxide is in the peroxide family of chemicals.
In acne it works by killing bacteria.

Benzoyl peroxide was first made in 1905 and came into medical use in the 1930s.

Uses

Most benzoyl peroxide is used as a radical initiator to induce polymerizations.

Other major applications include its antiseptic and bleaching properties.

Acne treatment

Benzoyl peroxide is effective for reducing the number and severity of acne lesions.

BPO has a bactericidal effect on Propionibacterium acnes bacteria associated with acne and does not induce antibiotic resistance.

It may be combined with salicylic acid, sulfur, erythromycin or clindamycin (antibiotics), or adapalene (a synthetic retinoid). Two common combination drugs include benzoyl peroxide/clindamycin and adapalene/benzoyl peroxide, an unusual formulation considering most retinoids are deactivated by peroxides. Combination products such as benzoyl peroxide/clindamycin and benzoyl peroxide/salicylic acid appear to be slightly more effective than benzoyl peroxide alone for the treatment of acne lesions.

Benzoyl peroxide for acne treatment is typically applied to the affected areas in gel, cream, or liquid, in concentrations of 2.5% increasing through 5.0%, and up to 10%.

No strong evidence supports the idea that higher concentrations of benzoyl peroxide are more effective than lower concentrations.

Benzoyl peroxide commonly causes initial dryness and sometimes irritation, although the skin develops tolerance after a week or so. A small percentage of people are much more sensitive to it and liable to suffer burning, itching, crusting, and possibly swelling.

It is sensible to apply the lowest concentration and build up as appropriate. Once tolerance is achieved, increasing the quantity or concentration and gaining tolerance at a higher level may give better subsequent acne clearance.

Irritation can also be reduced by avoiding harsh facial cleansers and wearing sunscreen prior to sun exposure.

Mechanism of action

Classically, benzoyl peroxide is thought to have a three-fold activity in treating acne.

It is sebostatic, comedolytic, and inhibits P. acnes.

In general, Acne vulgaris is a hormone-mediated inflammation of sebaceous glands and hair follicles. Hormone changes cause an increase in keratin and sebum production leading blocked drainage.
P. acnes has many lytic enzymes that breakdown the proteins and lipids in the sebum, leading to an inflammatory response. The free-radical reaction of BPO can break down the keratin, therefore unblocking the drainange of sebum (comedolytic). It can cause non-specific peroxidation of P. acnes, making it bacteriocidal, and it was thought to decrease sebum production.

02/11/2017

Glutathione in Cosmetics

Glutathione plays an important role in preventing oxidative damage to the skin.

In addition to its many recognized biological functions,
glutathione has also been associated with skin lightening ability.

The role of glutathione as a skin whitener was discovered as a side effect of large doses of glutathione.

Glutathione Mode of Action

Glutathione utilizes different mechanisms to exert its action as a skin whitening agent at various levels of melanogenesis. It inhibits melanin synthesis by means of stopping the neurotransmitter precursor L-DOPA's ability to interact with tyrosinase in the process of melanin production.

Glutathione inhibits the actual production as well as agglutination of melanin by interrupting the function of L-DOPA.

glutathione inhibits melanin formation by direct inactivation of the enzyme tyrosinase by binding and chelating copper within the enzyme's active site.

Glutathione's antioxidant property allows it to inhibit melanin synthesis by quenching of free radicals and peroxides that contribute to tyrosinase activation and melanin formation.

Its antioxidant property also protects the skin from UV radiation and other environmental as well as internal stressors that generate free radicals that cause skin damage and hyperpigmentation .

melanin formation consists of eumelanin (brown-black pigment) and pheomelanin ( yellow-red pigment) as either mixtures or co-polymers

01/11/2017

Glutathione

(GSH) is an important antioxidant in plants, animals, fungi, and some bacteria and archaea, preventing damage to important cellular components caused by reactive oxygen species such as free radicals and peroxides.
2
It is a tripeptide with a gamma peptide linkage between the carboxyl group of the glutamate side-chain and the amine group of cysteine (which is attached by normal peptide linkage to a glycine).

Function

Glutathione has multiple functions:
Glutathione has recently been used as an inhibitor of melanin in the cosmetics industry. In countries such as Japan and the Philippines, this product is sold as a skin-whitening soap. Glutathione competitively inhibits melanin synthesis in the reaction of tyrosinase and L-DOPA by interrupting L-DOPA's ability to bind to tyrosinase during melanin synthesis. The inhibition of melanin synthesis was reversed by increasing the concentration of L-DOPA, but not by increasing tyrosinase. Although the synthesized melanin was aggregated within one hour, the aggregation was inhibited by the addition of glutathione.
These results indicate glutathione inhibits the synthesis and agglutination of melanin by interrupting the function of L-DOPA.