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MENSTRUAL CRAMPS/PAINS

Menstrual cramps (dysmenorrhea) are throbbing or cramping pains in the lower abdomen.
For some women, the discomfort is merely annoying. For others, menstrual cramps can be severe enough to interfere with everyday activities for a few days every month.

SYMPTOMS
Symptoms of menstrual cramps include:

✓ Throbbing or cramping pain in your lower abdomen that can be intense
✓ Pain that starts 1 to 3 days before your period, peaks 24 hours after the onset of your period and subsides in 2 to 3 days
✓ Dull, continuous ache
✓ Pain that radiates to your lower back and thighs
Some women also have:
✓ Loose stools
✓ Headache
✓ Dizziness

CAUSES
Menstrual cramps can be caused by:

✓ Endometriosis. Tissue that acts similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside of the uterus, most commonly on fallopian tubes, ovaries or the tissue lining your pelvis.
✓ Uterine fibroids. These noncancerous growths in the wall of the uterus can cause pain.
✓ Adenomyosis. The tissue that lines your uterus begins to grow into the muscular walls of the uterus.
✓ Pelvic inflammatory disease. This infection of the female reproductive organs is usually caused by s*xually transmitted bacteria.
✓ Cervical stenosis. In some women, the opening of the cervix is small enough to impede menstrual flow, causing a painful increase of pressure within the uterus.

RISK FACTORS
You might be at risk of menstrual cramps if:

# You're younger than age 30
# You started puberty early, at age 11 or younger
# You bleed heavily during periods (menorrhagia)
# You have irregular menstrual bleeding (metrorrhagia)
# You have a family history of menstrual cramps (dysmenorrhea)
You smoke

COMPLICATIONS
Menstrual cramps can interfere with school, work and social activities.
Certain conditions associated with menstrual cramps can have complications, though. For example, endometriosis can cause fertility problems. Pelvic inflammatory disease can scar your fallopian tubes, increasing the risk of a fertilized egg implanting outside of your uterus (ectopic pregnancy).

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FEMALE SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION.

Persistent, recurrent problems with s*xual response, desire, or**sm or pain — that distress you or strain your relationship with your partner — are known medically as s*xual dysfunction.

Many women experience problems with s*xual function at some point, and some have difficulties throughout their lives. Female s*xual dysfunction can occur at any stage of life. It can occur only in certain s*xual situations or in all s*xual situations.

SYMPTOMS

Symptoms vary depending on what type of s*xual dysfunction you're experiencing:

✓Low s*xual desire. This most common of female s*xual dysfunctions involves a lack of s*xual interest and willingness to be s*xual.
Sexual arousal disorder. Your desire for s*x might be intact, but you have difficulty with arousal or are unable to become aroused or maintain arousal during s*xual activity.
✓ Or****ic disorder. You have persistent or recurrent difficulty in achieving or**sm after sufficient s*xual arousal and ongoing stimulation.
✓ Sexual pain disorder. You have pain associated with s*xual stimulation or vaginal contact

CAUSES

Sexual problems often develop when your hormones are in flux, such as after having a baby or during menopause. Major illness, such as cancer, diabetes, or heart and blood vessel (cardiovascular) disease, can also contribute to s*xual dysfunction.

Factors — often interrelated — that contribute to s*xual dissatisfaction or dysfunction include:

✓ PHYSICAL. Any number of medical conditions, including cancer, kidney failure, multiple sclerosis, heart disease and bladder problems, can lead to s*xual dysfunction. Certain chemical medications, including some antidepressants, blood pressure medications, antihistamines and chemotherapy drugs, can decrease your s*xual desire and your body's ability to experience or**sm.

✓ HORMONAL. A decrease in estrogen leads to decreased blood flow to the pelvic region, which can result in less ge***al sensation, as well as needing more time to build arousal and reach or**sm.

The vaginal lining also becomes thinner and less elastic, particularly if you're not s*xually active. These factors can lead to painful in*******se (dyspareunia). Sexual desire also decreases when hormonal levels decrease.

Your body's hormone levels also shift after giving birth and during breast-feeding, which can lead to vaginal dryness and can affect your desire to have s*x.

✓ PSYCHOLOGICAL and SOCIAL. Untreated anxiety or depression can cause or contribute to s*xual dysfunction, as can long-term stress and a history of s*xual abuse. The worries of pregnancy and demands of being a mother.

✓ LONG-STANDING CONFLICTS with your partner — about s*x or other aspects of your relationship — can diminish your s*xual responsiveness as well.

RISK FACTORS
Some factors may increase your risk of s*xual dysfunction:

* Depression or anxiety
* Heart and blood vessel disease
* Neurological conditions, such as spinal cord injury or multiple sclerosis
* Gynecological conditions, such as vulvovaginal atrophy, infections or lichen sclerosus
* Certain medications, such as antidepressants or high blood pressure medications
* Emotional or psychological stress, especially with regard to your relationship with your partner
* A history of s*xual abuse

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OBESITY
Obesity is a complex disease involving an excessive amount of body fat. Obesity isn't just a cosmetic concern. It's a medical problem that increases the risk of other diseases and health problems, such as heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure and certain cancers.

SYMPTOMS
Body mass index (BMI) is often used to diagnose obesity. To calculate BMI, multiply weight in pounds by 703, divide by height in inches and then divide again by height in inches. Or divide weight in kilograms by height in meters squared.

BMI Weight status
Below 18.5 Underweight
18.5-24.9 Normal
25.0-29.9 Overweight
30.0 and higher Obesity
Asians with BMI of 23 or higher may have an increased risk of health problems.

For most people, BMI provides a reasonable estimate of body fat. However, BMI doesn't directly measure body fat, so some people, such as muscular athletes, may have a BMI in the obesity category even though they don't have excess body fat.


CAUSES
Although there are genetic, behavioral, metabolic and hormonal influences on body weight, obesity occurs when you take in more calories than you burn through normal daily activities and exercise. Your body stores these excess calories as fat.

RISK FACTORS
Obesity usually results from a combination of causes and contributing factors:

Family inheritance and influences
The genes you inherit from your parents may affect the amount of body fat you store, and where that fat is distributed.

Obesity tends to run in families. That's not just because of the genes they share. Family members also tend to share similar eating and activity habits.

Lifestyle choices
* Unhealthy diet. A diet that's high in calories, lacking in fruits and vegetables, full of fast food, and laden with high-calorie beverages and oversized portions contributes to weight gain.
* Liquid calories. People can drink many calories without feeling full, especially calories from alcohol. Other high-calorie beverages, such as sugared soft drinks, can contribute to significant weight gain.
* Inactivity. If you have a sedentary lifestyle, you can easily take in more calories every day than you burn through exercise and routine daily activities. Looking at computer, tablet and phone screens is a sedentary activity. The number of hours spent in front of a screen is highly associated with weight gain.
* Certain diseases and medications
In some people, obesity can be traced to a medical cause, such as Prader-Willi syndrome, Cushing syndrome and other conditions. Medical problems, such as arthritis, also can lead to decreased activity, which may result in weight gain.

Some medications can lead to weight gain if you don't compensate through diet or activity. These medications include some antidepressants, anti-seizure medications, diabetes medications, antipsychotic medications, steroids and beta blockers.

Social and economic issues
Social and economic factors are linked to obesity. Avoiding obesity is difficult if you don't have safe areas to walk or exercise. .

Other factors
✓Pregnancy.
✓Lack of sleep.
✓ Stress. Many external factors that affect mood and well-being may contribute to obesity. People often seek more high-calorie food when experiencing stressful situations.

COMPLICATIONS
People with obesity are more likely to develop a number of potentially serious health problems, including:

✓ Heart disease and strokes. Obesity makes you more likely to have high blood pressure and abnormal cholesterol levels, which are risk factors for heart disease and strokes.

✓ Type 2 diabetes. Obesity can affect the way the body uses insulin to control blood sugar levels. This raises the risk of insulin resistance and diabetes.
✓ Certain cancers. Obesity may increase the risk of cancer of the uterus, cervix, endometrium, o***y, breast, colon, re**um, esophagus, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, kidney and prostate.
✓ Digestive problems. Obesity increases the likelihood of developing heartburn, gallbladder disease and liver problems.
✓ Sleep apnea. People with obesity are more likely to have sleep apnea, a potentially serious disorder in which breathing repeatedly stops and starts during sleep.
✓Osteoarthritis. Obesity increases the stress placed on weight-bearing joints, in addition to promoting inflammation within the body. public places.

Other weight-related issues that may affect your quality of life include:

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CARDIOMYOPATHY

Cardiomyopathy (kahr-dee-o-my-OP-uh-thee) is a disease of the heart muscle that makes it harder for the heart to pump blood to the rest of the body. Cardiomyopathy can lead to heart failure.

SYMPTOMS
There might be no signs or symptoms in the early stages of cardiomyopathy. But as the condition advances, signs and symptoms usually appear, including:

* Breathlessness with activity or even at rest
* Swelling of the legs, ankles and feet
* Bloating of the abdomen due to fluid buildup
* Cough while lying down
* Difficulty lying flat to sleep
* Fatigue
* Heartbeats that feel rapid, pounding or fluttering

CAUSES
Often the cause of the cardiomyopathy is unknown. Certain health conditions or behaviors that can lead to acquired cardiomyopathy include:

✓ Long-term high blood pressure
✓ Heart tissue damage from a heart attack
✓ Long-term rapid heart rate
✓ Heart valve problems
✓ COVID-19 infection
✓ Certain infections, especially those that cause inflammation of the heart
Metabolic disorders, such as obesity, thyroid disease or diabetes
✓ The buildup of abnormal proteins in the organs (amyloidosis)
Connective tissue disorders
✓ Drinking too much alcohol over many years
Use of co***ne, amphetamines or anabolic steroids

TYPES OF CARDIOMYOPATHY include:

✓ Dilated cardiomyopathy. In this type of cardiomyopathy, the heart's main pumping chamber — the left ventricle — becomes enlarged (dilated) and can't effectively pump blood out of the heart.

Although this type can affect people of all ages, it occurs most often in middle-aged people and is more likely to affect men. The most common cause is coronary artery disease or heart attack. However, it can also be caused by genetic changes.

✓ Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. This type involves abnormal thickening of the heart muscle, which makes it harder for the heart to work. It mostly affects the muscle of the heart's main pumping chamber (left ventricle).

✓ Restrictive cardiomyopathy. In this type, the heart muscle becomes stiff and less flexible, so it can't expand and fill with blood between heartbeats. This least common type of cardiomyopathy can occur at any age, but it most often affects older people.

Restrictive cardiomyopathy can occur for no known reason (idiopathic), or it can by caused by a disease elsewhere in the body that affects the heart, such as amyloidosis.

✓ Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia. In this rare type of cardiomyopathy, the muscle in the lower right heart chamber (right ventricle) is replaced by scar tissue, which can lead to heart rhythm problems. It's often caused by genetic changes.
✓ Unclassified cardiomyopathy. Other types of cardiomyopathy fall into this category.

RISK FACTORS
There are a number of things that can increase your risk of cardiomyopathy, including:

* Family history of cardiomyopathy, heart failure and sudden cardiac arrest
* Long-term high blood pressure
Conditions that affect the heart, including a past heart attack, coronary artery disease or an infection in the heart (ischemic cardiomyopathy)
* Obesity, which makes the heart work harder
* Long-term alcohol misuse
Illicit drug use, such as co***ne, amphetamines.
* Diabetes

COMPLICATIONS

✓ Heart failure. The heart can't pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. Untreated, heart failure can be life-threatening.
✓ Blood clots. Because the heart can't pump effectively, blood clots might form in the heart. If clots enter the bloodstream, they can block the blood flow to other organs, including the heart and brain.
✓ Heart valve problems. Because cardiomyopathy causes the heart to enlarge, the heart valves might not close properly. This can cause blood to flow backward in the valve.
✓ Cardiac arrest and sudden death. Cardiomyopathy can trigger irregular heart rhythms that cause fainting or, in some cases, sudden death if the heart stops beating effectively.

PREVENTION
✓ Controlling high blood pressure, high cholesterol and diabetes
✓ Eating a healthy diet
✓ Getting regular exercise
✓ Getting enough sleep
Reducing your stress

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HEMORRHOIDS

Hemorrhoids Open pop-up dialog box
Hemorrhoids (HEM-uh-roids), also called piles, are swollen veins in your a**s and lower re**um, similar to varicose veins. Hemorrhoids can develop inside the re**um (internal hemorrhoids) or under the skin around the a**s (external hemorrhoids).

Nearly three out of four adults will have hemorrhoids from time to time

SYMPTOMS
Signs and symptoms of hemorrhoids usually depend on the type of hemorrhoid.

EXTERNAL HEMORRHOIDS
These are under the skin around your a**s. Signs and symptoms might include:

* Itching or irritation in your a**l region
* Pain or discomfort
* Swelling around your a**s
* Bleeding
* Internal hemorrhoids

INTERNAL HEMORRHOIDS lie inside the re**um. You usually can't see or feel them, and they rarely cause discomfort. But straining or irritation when passing stool can cause:

* Painless bleeding during bowel movements.
* Severe pain
* Swelling
* Inflammation
* A hard lump near your a**s

Causes
✓ The veins around your a**s tend to stretch under pressure and may bulge or swell. Hemorrhoids can develop from increased pressure in the lower re**um due to:

* Straining during bowel movements
* Sitting for long periods of time on the toilet
* Having chronic diarrhea or constipation
* Being obese
* Being pregnant
* Having a**l in*******se
* Eating a low-fiber diet

RISK FACTORS
* As you age, your risk of hemorrhoids increases. That's because the tissues that support the veins in your re**um and a**s can weaken and stretch. This can also happen when you're pregnant, because the baby's weight puts pressure on the a**l region.

COMPLICATIONS
Complications of hemorrhoids are rare but include:

* Anemia.
* Strangulated hemorrhoid. If the blood supply to an internal hemorrhoid is cut off, the hemorrhoid may be "strangulated," which can cause extreme pain.
* Blood clot. Occasionally, a clot can form in a hemorrhoid (thrombosed hemorrhoid). Although not dangerous, it can be extremely painful and sometimes needs to be lanced and drained.

PREVENTION
The best way to prevent hemorrhoids is to keep your stools soft, so they pass easily. To prevent hemorrhoids and reduce symptoms of hemorrhoids, follow these tips:

✓ Eat high-fiber foods. Eat more fruits, vegetables and whole grains. Doing so softens the stool and increases its bulk, which will help you avoid the straining that can cause hemorrhoids. Add fiber to your diet slowly to avoid problems with gas.
✓ Drink plenty of fluids. Drink six to eight glasses of water and other liquids (not alcohol) each day to help keep stools soft.
✓ Consider fiber supplements. Most people don't get enough of the recommended amount of fiber — 20 to 30 grams a day — in their diet. Studies have shown that over-the-counter fiber supplements, such as psyllium (Metamucil) or methylcellulose (Citrucel), improve overall symptoms and bleeding from hemorrhoids.

✓ Don't strain. Straining and holding your breath when trying to pass a stool creates greater pressure in the veins in the lower re**um.
Go as soon as you feel the urge. If you wait to pass a bowel movement and the urge goes away, your stool could dry out and be harder to please call/Whatsapp 0559809321 for more details and ULTIMATE SOLUTIONS

Ge***al herpes is a common s*xually transmitted infection caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV). Sexual contact is the primary way that the virus spreads. After the initial infection, the virus lies dormant in your body and can reactivate several times a year.

Ge***al herpes can cause pain, itching and sores in your ge***al area. But you may have no signs or symptoms of ge***al herpes. If infected, you can be contagious even if you have no visible sores.

SYMPTOMS

* Pain or itching. You may experience pain and tenderness in your ge***al area until the infection clears.
* Small red bumps or tiny white blisters. These may appear a few days to a few weeks after infection.
* Ulcers. These may form when blisters rupture and ooze or bleed. Ulcers may make it painful to urinate.
* Scabs. Skin will crust over and form scabs as ulcers heal.
During an initial outbreak, you may have flu-like signs and symptoms such as swollen lymph nodes in your groin, headache, muscle aches and fever.

CAUSES
Two types of herpes simplex virus infections can cause ge***al herpes:

* HSV-1. HSV-1 is often spread through skin-to-skin contact, though it can be spread to your ge***al area during oral s*x.
* HSV-2. This is the type that commonly causes ge***al herpes. The virus spreads through s*xual contact and skin-to-skin contact. HSV-2 is very common and highly contagious, whether or not you have an open sore.
Because the virus dies quickly outside of the body, it's nearly impossible to get the infection through contact with toilets, towels or other objects used by an infected person.

RISK FACTORS
Your risk of becoming infected with ge***al herpes may increase if you:

✓ Are a woman. Women are more likely to have ge***al herpes than are men. The virus is s*xually transmitted more easily from men to women than it is from women to men.
✓ Have multiple s*xual partners. Each additional s*xual partner raises your risk of being exposed to the virus that causes ge***al herpes.

COMPLICATIONS
Complications associated with ge***al herpes may include:

Other s*xually transmitted infections. Having ge***al sores increases your risk of transmitting or contracting other s*xually transmitted infections, including AIDS.
✓ Newborn infection. Babies born to infected mothers can be exposed to the virus during the birthing process.
✓ Bladder problems. In some cases, the sores associated with ge***al herpes can cause inflammation around the tube that delivers urine from your bladder to the outside world.
✓ Meningitis.
✓ Re**al inflammation (proctitis). Ge***al herpes can lead to inflammation of the lining of the re**um, particularly in men who have s*x with men.

PREVENTION
The suggestions for preventing ge***al herpes are the same as those for preventing other s*xually transmitted infections: Abstain from s*xual activity or limit s*xual contact to only one person who is infection-free. Short of that, you can:
Avoid in*******se if either partner has an outbreak of herpes in the ge***al area or anywhere else

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GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

(gloe-MER-u-loe-nuh-FRY-tis) is inflammation of the tiny filters in the kidneys (glomeruli). The excess fluid and waste that glomeruli (gloe-MER-u-lie) remove from the bloodstream exit the body as urine. Glomerulonephritis can come on suddenly (acute) or gradually (chronic).

SYMPTOMS

* Pink or cola-colored urine from red blood cells in your urine (hematuria)
* Foamy or bubbly urine due to excess protein in the urine (proteinuria)
* High blood pressure (hypertension)
* Fluid retention (edema) with swelling evident in your face, hands, feet and abdomen
* Urinating less than usual
* Nausea and vomiting
* Muscle cramps
* Fatigue

CAUSES

Many conditions can cause glomerulonephritis. Factors that can lead to inflammation of the glomeruli include the following conditions

✓ Infections
Infectious diseases can directly or indirectly lead to glomerulonephritis. These infections include:
* Viral kidney infections. Viral infections of the kidney, such as hepatitis B and hepatitis C, cause inflammation of the glomeruli and other kidney tissues.
* HIV. Infection with HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, can lead to glomerulonephritis and progressive kidney damage, even before the onset of AIDS.
✓Autoimmune Disease
Autoimmune diseases are illnesses caused by the immune system attacking healthy tissues. Autoimmune diseases that may cause glomerulonephritis include:

* Lupus.
*
* Vasculitis
Vasculitis is inflammation of blood vessels. Types of vasculitis that can cause glomerulonephritis include:

* Polyarteritis. This form of vasculitis affects medium and small blood vessels in many parts of your body, including the kidneys, skin, muscles, joints and digestive tract.
✓ Sclerotic conditions
Some diseases or conditions cause scarring of the glomeruli that results in poor and declining kidney function. These include:

* High blood pressure. Long-term, poorly managed high blood pressure can cause scarring and inflammation of the glomeruli. Glomerulonephritis inhibits the kidney's role in regulating blood pressure.
* Diabetic kidney disease (diabetic nephropathy). High blood sugar levels contribute to scarring of the glomeruli and increase the rate of blood flow through the nephrons.
* Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. In this condition, scarring is scattered among some of the glomeruli. This may be the result of another disease, or it may occur for no known reason.
Other causes
Infrequently, chronic glomerulonephritis runs in families. One inherited form, Alport syndrome, also might impair hearing or vision.

Glomerulonephritis is associated with certain cancers, such as gastric cancer, lung cancer and chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

COMPLICATIONS
Glomerulonephritis affects the ability of nephrons to filter the bloodstream efficiently. The breakdown in filtering results in:

* Accumulation of wastes or toxins in the bloodstream
* Poor regulation of essential minerals and nutrients
* Loss of red blood cells
* Loss of blood proteins
Possible complications of glomerulonephritis include:
* Acute kidney failure.
* Chronic kidney disease.
* Nephrotic syndrome. Nephrotic syndrome is a condition in which there is too much blood protein in urine and too little in the bloodstream. These proteins play a role in regulating fluids and cholesterol levels. A drop in blood proteins results in high cholesterol.

PREVENTION

✓ Prevent infections that can lead to some forms of glomerulonephritis, such as HIV and hepatitis.
✓ Control high blood pressure.
✓Control your blood sugar to help prevent diabetic nephropathy.

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ACUTE KIDNEY FAILURES

Acute Kidney failure occurs when your kidneys suddenly become unable to filter waste products from your blood. When your kidneys lose their filtering ability, dangerous levels of wastes may accumulate, and your blood's chemical makeup may get out of balance.

Acute kidney failure — also called acute renal failure or acute kidney injury — develops rapidly, usually in less than a few days. Acute kidney failure is most common in people who are already hospitalized, particularly in critically ill people who need intensive care.

SYMPTOMS
Signs and symptoms of acute kidney failure may include:

✓ Decreased urine output, although occasionally urine output remains normal
✓ Fluid retention, causing swelling in your legs, ankles or feet
✓ Shortness of breath
✓ Fatigue
✓ Weakness
✓ Irregular heartbeat
✓ Chest pain or pressure

CAUSES

Acute kidney failure can occur when:

# You have a condition that slows blood flow to your kidneys
# You experience direct damage to your kidneys
# Your kidneys' urine drainage tubes (ureters) become blocked and wastes can't leave your body through your urine
# Impaired blood flow to the kidneys

DISEASES and CONDITIONS that may slow blood flow to the kidneys and lead to kidney injury include:

* Blood or fluid loss
* Blood pressure medications
* Heart attack
* Heart disease
* Infection
* Liver failure
* Use of aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others), naproxen sodium (Aleve, others) or related drugs
* Blood clots in the veins and arteries in and around the kidneys
* Cholesterol deposits that block blood flow in the kidneys
* Glomerulonephritis

DISEASES and CONDITIONS that block the passage of urine out of the body (urinary obstructions) and can lead to acute kidney injury include:

* Bladder cancer
* Blood clots in the urinary tract
* Cervical cancer
* Colon cancer
* Enlarged prostate
* Kidney stones
* Nerve damage involving the nerves that control the bladder
* Prostate cancer

RISK FACTORS

Conditions that can increase your risk of acute kidney failure include:

* Being hospitalized, especially for a serious condition that requires intensive care
* Advanced age
* Blockages in the blood vessels in your arms or legs (peripheral artery disease)
* Diabetes
* High blood pressure
* Heart failure
* Kidney diseases
* Liver diseases
* Certain cancers and their treatments

COMPLICATIONS
Potential complications of acute kidney failure include:

✓ Fluid buildup. Acute kidney failure may lead to a buildup of fluid in your lungs, which can cause shortness of breath.
✓ Chest pain.
✓ Muscle weakness.
✓ Permanent kidney damage. Occasionally, acute kidney failure causes permanent loss of ✓ kidney function, or end-stage renal disease. People with end-stage renal disease require either permanent dialysis — a mechanical filtration process used to remove toxins and wastes from the body — or a kidney transplant to survive.
✓ Death. Acute kidney failure can lead to loss of kidney function and, ultimately, death.

PREVENTION
Acute kidney failure is often difficult to predict or prevent. But you may reduce your risk by taking care of your kidneys. Try to:

Pay attention to labels when taking over-the-counter (OTC) pain medications. Follow the instructions for OTC pain medications, such as aspirin, acetaminophen (Tylenol, others), ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others) and naproxen sodium (Aleve, others). Taking too much of these medications may increase your risk of kidney injury. This is especially true if you have pre-existing kidney disease, diabetes or high blood pressure.

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WHAT IS CIRRHOSIS?
Cirrhosis is when scar tissue replaces healthy liver tissue. This stops the liver from working normally.
Cirrhosis is a long-term (chronic) liver disease. The damage to your liver builds up over time.
The liver is your body’s largest internal organ.

THE LIVER DOES MANY IMPORTANT THINGS INCLUDING:

* Removes waste from the body, such as toxins and medicines
* Makes bile to help digest food
* Stores sugar that the body uses for energy
* Makes new proteins

When you have cirrhosis, scar tissue slows the flow of blood through the liver. Over time, the liver can’t work the way it should.
In severe cases, the liver gets so badly damaged that it stops working. This is called liver failure.

CAUSES
The most common causes of cirrhosis are:

✓Hepatitis and other viruses
✓ Alcohol abuse
✓ Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

✓ Autoimmune disorders, where the body’s infection-fighting system (immune system) attacks healthy tissue
✓ Blocked or damaged tubes (bile ducts) that carry bile from the liver to the intestine
Use of certain medicines
✓ Exposure to certain toxic chemicals
✓Repeated episodes of heart failure with blood buildup in the liver
Other factors may result from family history.

SYMPTOMS

✓ Fluid buildup in the belly (ascites)
✓ Vomiting blood, often from bleeding in the blood vessels in the food pipe (esophagus)
✓ Gallstones
✓ Itching
✓ Yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice)
✓ Kidney failure
✓ Muscle loss
✓ Loss of appetite
✓ Low energy and weakness (fatigue)
✓ Weight loss

CIRRHOSIS diagnoses

# BLOOD TESTS. These will include liver function tests to see if the liver is working the way it should. You may also have tests to see if your blood is able to clot.

# LIVER BIOPSY. Small tissue samples are taken from the liver with a needle or during surgery. The samples are checked under a microscope to find out the type of liver disease.
Your healthcare provider may want you to have imaging tests including:

# CT scan (computed tomography). This is an imaging test that uses X-rays and a computer to make detailed images of the body. A CT scan shows details of the bones, muscles, fat, and organs.
# MRI (magnetic resonance imaging). This test makes detailed pictures of organs and structures inside your body. It uses a magnetic field and pulses of radio wave energy. A dye may be shot (injected) into your vein. The dye helps the liver and other organs to be seen more clearly on the scan.
# ULTRASOUND. This shows your internal organs as they work. It checks how blood is flowing through different blood vessels. It uses high-frequency sound waves and a computer to create images of blood vessels, tissues, and organs.

HOW IS CIRRHOSIS TREATED?
Cirrhosis is a progressive liver disease that happens over time. The damage to your liver can sometimes reverse or improve if the trigger is gone, such as stop drinking alcohol or if the virus is treated.

The goal of treatment is to slow down the buildup of scar tissue and prevent or treat other health problems.

In many cases, you may be able to delay or stop any more liver damage. If you have hepatitis, it may be treated to delay worsening of your liver disease.

COMPLICATIONS
Cirrhosis can cause other health problems such as:

✓ Portal hypertension. The portal vein carries blood from your intestines and spleen to your liver. Cirrhosis slows the normal flow of blood. That raises the pressure in the portal vein. This is called portal hypertension.
✓ Enlarged blood vessels. .
✓Ascites. Fluid collecting in your belly. This can become infected.
✓Kidney disease or failure
✓Type 2 diabetes.

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