PAge about this world

The bicameral parliament - the General Assembly (Asamblea General) is divided into the House of Senators (Camara de Senadores) and the House of Representatives (Camara de Representantes). 30 senators are elected in national elections for a 5-year term. 99 members of the House of Representatives are also elected by national election every 5 years.

There is the Supreme Court, whose judges are elected for a 10-year term by the General Assembly.

The Constitution was written on November 27, 1966, and has been in force since February 1967; repealed on June 27, 1973, the new constitution has been in force since November 30, 1980. Two constitutional reforms were approved by the plebiscites on November 26, 1989 and January 7, 1997.
The legislation is based on the Spanish civil law system.
The head of state is the president and prime minister. Elected by national election for a term of 5 years.
The Council of Ministers is appointed by the President with the approval of Parliament.

Christian Democratic Party - PDP (Partido Democrata Cristiano - PDC). Established in February 1962 on the basis of the Catholic Union Civil Union and the Christian Democratic Movement. She was a member of the Wide Front until March 1989. Head - Hector Lescano. The Secretary-General is Francisco Ottonelli.

The Communist Party of Uruguay - CPU (Partido Comunista del Uruguay PCU). Founded on September 21, 1920 on the basis of the left wing of the Socialist Party of Uruguay. The CPU is part of the Wide Front. The Secretary-General is Eduardo Lorier. The printed organ is the theoretical journal Estudios. The CPU publishes the daily newspaper Hora Popular.
The National Party (Blanco) was founded in 1836. The executive chairman was Jorge Larranaga, and the general secretary was Alberto Zumaran.
Socialist Party of Uruguay - SPU (Partido Socialista del Uruguay). Founded in 1910, Secretary General Eduardo (Lalo) Fernandez. The head is Reynaldo Gargano.

Civil Union - CU (Union Civica). Catholic Party. It was established in 1971 as a result of the separation of the right wing from the Christian Democratic Party. The leader is Gerardo Azambuya.
The Colorado Party. Founded in the first half of the 19th century. as the Colorado Party. Since the beginning of the twentieth century. officially named the Battalion Party after its former leader Jose Batlle-y-Ordonez. The party has no registered membership. Congresses are not convened. The governing body of the party is the General Executive Committee. The leader is Jose Luis Batlle. The Secretary-General is Jorje Batlle Ibanez.

On June 27, 1973, after the suppression of the Tupamaros, power passed to the army and the country's parliament was dissolved. The de facto military dictatorship lasted 11 years, during which time about 10% of Uruguay's population emigrated to other countries. In 1984, mass protests and a general strike against the dictatorship began in the country. Elections were held in which Julio Maria Sanguinetti, who was in office until 1990, was elected president. His administration implemented the first economic reforms and began the democratization of the country. The next president was Luis Alberto Lacalle, who won the 1989 presidential election and served from 1990 to 1995. He carried out many reforms, some of which, however, were repealed by referendum. In the 1994 election, former President Sanguinetti won again, continuing economic reforms from 1995 to 2000, reforming electoral law, social security, education and more. In 2000, after a re-vote, Battle took over the presidency.

From the beginning of the 20th century, the country began to actively attract European immigrants. During the world wars, Uruguay supplied agricultural goods to war-torn Europe. Prices for these goods fell sharply after the end of World War II, contributing to the decline of the Uruguayan economy in the 1950s. Inflation and mass unemployment in the 1960s led to instability, and the guerrilla Marxist organization Tupamaros emerged, further destabilizing the situation. In 1967 a new constitution was adopted.

The territory of the country many times passed from hand to hand between Spain and Portugal. In 1776 it became part of the Spanish Viceroyalty of Rio de la Plata, and in 1811 the war for independence from Spain began.
In 1821, Uruguay, known as the Province of Cisplatina (Portuguese: Provincia Cisplatina), was annexed to Brazil, and on August 25, 1825, the Argentine-Brazilian war for control of the territory began. After three years of war in 1828, Uruguay gained independence as a result of a compromise between Argentina and Brazil. The first constitution of Uruguay was adopted on July 18, 1830.

Read more: History of Uruguay
When Europeans first arrived in modern-day Uruguay in 1516, these lands were inhabited by the Charrua Indians. The Colonia del Sacramento Fortress was founded in 1680, and the country's future capital, Montevideo, was built in 1726 as a military base, eventually becoming an important commercial center, a competitor to Buenos Aires.

Ruguay is the second, after Suriname, the smallest independent state in South America and the third of all continental territories (the smallest - French Guiana - a department of France). The country has an area of ​​176,215 km and 660 km of coastline. [1]
The landscape is mostly flat with hills and a few hills. The highest point of the country is Mount Cerro Cathedral, the peak of which reaches 514 m above sea level in the area of ​​the Sierra Carape hill. Coastal lowlands have fertile soils. 3/4 of the country is covered with green grass steppe ideal for livestock. The dense river network covers a country consisting of four river basins or deltas: the La Plata river basin, the Uruguay river basin, the Mirim lagoon and the Rio Negro river ("Black River"). There are also several lagoons along the Atlantic coast.
To the southwest of La Plata, the mouth of the Uruguay River forms the western border of the country. Montevideo is the southernmost capital in North and South America and the third southernmost in the world (after Canberra and Wellington).