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In 1945, the actions of the Resistance movement (the highest point is the April Uprising of 1945) and the Anglo-American troops in Italy overthrew the fascist regime of Mussolini[12]. By the 21st century, in Italy, the dark pages of their history associated with fascism are not condemned as much as in Germany, fans of Mussolini's ideology have survived, some continue to honor the memory of the Duce, and in his homeland in Predappio in 2016, a museum of fascism was opened, funded, in addition to city ​​authorities and sponsors, as well as the Italian government. This memorial caused an ambiguous reaction from society, despite the guarantees provided that the museum would not be engaged in the propaganda of fascist ideology[

In September 1943, the N**i occupation of Northern and Central Italy (the "Republic of Salo") took place.
Rome was liberated in June 1944; created a single partisan party. In the same year, full diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union were restored. In December 1944, the Rome Protocols were signed (an agreement between the Anglo-American command and the Resistance forces on interaction at the final stage of the war and the further fate of partisan formations)

1941 is marked by the declaration of war by Italy and Germany on the United States.
In July 1943, the United States, Great Britain and their allies landed in Italy with the aim of defeating the N**i troops and withdrawing Italy from the war. On September 3, the Italian government signed a truce, on September 8, 1943, Italy capitulated to the United Nations, and the Committee of National Liberation was created in Rome with the participation of 6 anti-fascist parties.

In 1922, after the Blackshirts marched on Rome and handed their demands to the king, the fascists came to power, establishing a dictatorship led by Benito Mussolini (1922-1943). On February 7, 1924, diplomatic relations were established between Italy and the USSR. In 1929, according to the Lateran Treaty, the sovereignty of the Vatican was guaranteed by Italy. In 1935-1936, Italy captured Ethiopia, in 1939 - Albania. Having entered into a military alliance with N**i Germany and Japan, Italy entered World War II in 1940. In 1940, military operations began with the participation of Italy in the Balkans (against Greece and Yugoslavia). In 1941-1943, Italy took part in Hitler's aggression against the USSR; soon Italy suffers a military defeat in East Africa

In 1914, Italy signed the Declaration of Neutrality in the outbreak of the First World War. In April 1915, Italy signs an agreement with the Entente countries to participate in the war on their side. In May of the same year, Italy declared war on Austria-Hungary, and then on Germany. In August 1917, an anti-war uprising of workers in Turin took place in Italy. In January 1919, the formation of the Catholic People's Party (later the Christian Democratic Party) takes place. In March 1919, the fascist movement arises (the formation of the first "fighting alliance"). In August 1919, an electoral reform was carried out in the country (the introduction of voting on party lists and a proportional representation system in the Chamber of Deputies). January 1921 was marked by the formation of the Italian Communist Party (CPI, since 1944 - ICP). In November of the same year, the fascist "fighting alliances" were transformed into a party

In 555, Italy was conquered by Byzantium. The entire territory of Italy was divided into duchies, headed by the dukes, who were formally subordinate to the exarch of Ravenna. In 572, part of the duchies of Italy was conquered by the Lombards. Byzantium was left with the Duchy of Rome, the Duchy of Naples, the Duchy of Amalfi, the Duchy of Calabria, the Duchy of Pentapolis, the Exarchate of Ravenna and the Republic of Venice, as well as the Theme of Sicily (conquered by the Arabs in 956) and the Sardinian Judicates. However, the Lombard and Byzantine dukes increasingly turned into virtually independent rulers

Ancient Rome created the cultural ground for European civilization, having a decisive influence on medieval and subsequent history. Ancient Rome gave the modern world Roman law, some architectural forms and solutions (for example, the cross-domed system) and many other innovations (for example, a water mill). Christianity as a creed was born on the territory of the Roman Empire. The official language of the ancient Roman state was Latin, the religion was polytheistic for most of its existence, the unofficial emblem of the empire was the golden eagle (aquila), and after the adoption of Christianity, labarums with chrism appeared.

By the beginning of the 1st millennium BC. e. the south and center of Italy were inhabited by the Italic peoples, one of which was the Latins. The Latins formed the Latin Union, which included 30 civitas, the governing bodies of each of which were the popular assembly (comitia or councils), the council of elders (curia or senate) and leaders (rex). According to Latin legends, initially Laurent was the strongest civitas, then Lavinia intensified, then Alba Longa, in the 6th century Rome became the strongest civitas of the union. After the Samnite wars, by 290, Rome made all other Italic peoples dependent on itself. Part of the lands of the non-Roman population of the provinces was transferred to the Romans, Roman settlements were founded - colonies - thus Romanization of Italy took place. Under the Roman emperor Diocletian, a division into provinces was introduced in Italy, headed by presidents and consulars. After the fall of the Roman Empire in 476, the commander of Italy, Odoacer, was proclaimed king of Italy, but in 493 his possessions were captured by the Ostrogoths, and he himself was killed

Inside the territory of Italy there are two enclave states: the state of San Marino and the state of the Vatican, located inside the territory of Rome, associated with Italy, with each of which Italy has an internal border with a length of 39 km and 3.2 km, respectively.
It occupies the Apennine Peninsula, the extreme north-west of the Balkan Peninsula, the Padan Plain, the southern slopes of the Alps, the islands of Sicily, Sardinia and a number of small islands [7].
There are 58 UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Italy

Italy (Italian Italia [iˈtaːlja]), the official name is the Italian Republic (Italian Repubblica Italiana [reˈpubːlika itaˈljaːna]) is a state in Southern Europe, in the center of the Mediterranean. It has been a member of the European Union and NATO since their inception and is the third largest economy in the Eurozone.
It borders with France in the northwest (border length - 488 km), Switzerland (740 km) and Austria (430 km) - in the north, Slovenia - in the northeast (232 km).