PAge about fun days

Na ploshchadke dlya igry mogut prisut·stvovatʹ razlichnyye prepyat·stviya: vodnyye pregrady, peschanyye pregrady, kusty, derevʹya, vysokaya trava. Dlya nachala myach s identifikatsionnoy metkoy igroka ustanavlivayet·sya na startovuyu ploshchadku (ploshchadka «ti»). V ideale golʹfist, kak pravilo, dolzhen pervym udarom popastʹ na osnovnuyu ploshchadku, provesti myach po ney neskolʹkimi udarami (v zavisimosti ot vida ploshchadki) i popastʹ na grin — ploshchadku s idealʹnoy travoy, po kotoroy myach katit·sya bez pomekh. Dlya togo chtoby zabitʹ myach v lunku s grina, ispolʹzuyet·sya spetsialʹnyy vid klyushki — patter. Mezhdunarodnyy standart pravil igry v golʹf podderzhivayet·sya The R&A, otdelivsheysya v 2004 godu ot golʹf-kluba Sent-Andrusa (angl. Golf Club of St Andrews), raspolozhennogo v Sent-Andruse, Fayf, sovmestno s Assotsiatsiyey golʹfa SSHA (angl. United States Golf Association) (USGA)[14][15]. V osnove pravil lezhit printsip chestnosti. Kak zayavleno na oblozhke ofitsialʹnogo izdaniya pravil: «Igray myach tak, kak on lezhit, igray na toy ploshchadke, chto yestʹ, i v lyubom sluchaye postupay po chesti» (Play the ball as it lies, play the course as you find it, and if you cannot do either, do what is fair). Sushchestvuyut zhëstkiye ogranicheniya, kasayushchiyesya statusa igroka-lyubitelya[16]. Po sushchestvu dela, lyuboy, kto khotʹ odnazhdy poluchil platu za obucheniye golʹfu ili igral v golʹf na denʹgi, ne mozhet schitatʹsya lyubitelem i uchastvovatʹ v sorevnovaniyakh, provodyashchikhsya dlya lyubiteley. Odnako lyubiteli mogut poluchatʹ oplatu izderzhek soglasno strogo opredelënnoy protsedure i mogut prinimatʹ nedenezhnyye prizy v predelakh norm, ustanovlennykh pravilami dlya statusa igroka-lyubitelya. Pomimo ofitsialʹnykh pravil igrokam v golʹf sleduyet soblyudatʹ pravila i obychai, prinyatyye v golʹfe, tak nazyvayemyy golʹf-etiket (angl. Golf etiquette). Pravila etiketa kasayut·sya takikh voprosov kak bezopasnostʹ, chestnostʹ, temp igry i obyazatelʹstvo igroka sleditʹ za sokhrannostʹyu ploshchadki dlya golʹfa. I khotya za narusheniye etiketa ne predusmotreno shtrafnykh ochkov, igroki starayut·sya soblyudatʹ yego, chtoby podderzhivatʹ interes k igre i vozmozhnostʹ polucheniya opyta novichkami. Shtrafy v golʹfe obuslovleny opredelënnymi situatsiyami. Shtraf primenyayet·sya k schëtu igroka putëm zachisleniya yemu lishnikh udarov po myachu. Popytki dobavlyayut·sya za narusheniye pravil ili v sluchayakh, kogda myach posle udara okazyvayet·sya v polozhenii, v kotorom im nevozmozhno sygratʹ. Uteryannyy myach ili myach, vyletevshiy za granitsy ploshchadki, nakazyvayet·sya shtrafom v odin udar i poterey v rasstoyanii. Shtraf v odin udar takzhe sleduyet, yesli myach byl smeshchen kakoy-libo chastʹyu snaryazheniya igroka ili zhe kogda k takomu smeshcheniyu privela popytka ubratʹ prepyat·stviye dlya udara. Yesli igrok udaryayet ne po svoyemu myachu, on nakazyvayet·sya shtrafom v dva udara. Bolʹshinstvo narusheniy nakazyvayut·sya shtrafom, odnako vozmozhna i diskvalifikatsiya za zhulʹnichestvo, soznatelʹnoye narusheniye pravil.
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There may be various obstacles on the playing field: water obstacles, sandy obstacles, bushes, trees, tall grass.
To begin with, the ball with the player's identification mark is placed on the starting area (tee area). Ideally, a golfer would typically hit the main court with the first shot, run the ball over it in a few strokes (depending on the type of court), and hit the green - a pitch with perfect grass on which the ball rolls without interference. In order to hit the ball into the hole from the green, a special type of club is used - a putter.

The international standard of golf rules is maintained by The R&A, which was spun off in 2004 from the Golf Club of St Andrews, located in St. Andrews, Fife, in conjunction with the United States Golf Association. Association) (USGA)[14][15].
The rules are based on the principle of honesty. As stated on the cover of the official edition of the rules: "Play the ball as it lies, play the course as you find it, and if you cannot do either, do what is fair).

There are severe restrictions regarding the status of an amateur player[16]. As such, anyone who has ever received a golf tuition fee or played golf for money cannot be considered an amateur and participate in competitions held for amateurs. However, amateurs may receive payment of expenses according to a strictly defined procedure and may accept non-monetary prizes within the limits set by the rules for the status of an amateur player.

In addition to the official rules, golfers should follow the rules and customs adopted in golf, the so-called golf etiquette (Eng. Golf etiquette). Rules of etiquette deal with issues such as safety, fairness, pace of play, and the player's obligation to maintain the golf course. And although there are no penalty points for breaking etiquette, players try to abide by it in order to maintain interest in the game and the opportunity for newcomers to gain experience.

Penalties in golf are conditional on certain situations. The penalty is applied to the player's score by crediting him with extra strokes on the ball. Tryouts are added for fouls or when the ball is in a position after being hit, in which it is impossible for them to play. A lost ball or a ball that goes out of bounds is penalized with a one stroke penalty and a forfeit in distance. A one-stroke penalty also applies if the ball has been displaced by any part of the player's equipment or if an attempt to remove an obstruction to the stroke has caused such displacement. If a player strikes a ball other than his own, he is penalized with a two-stroke penalty. Most violations are punishable by a fine, but disqualification for cheating, a deliberate violation of the rules, is also possible.

In addition to the official rules, golfers should follow the rules and customs adopted in golf, the so-called golf etiquette (Eng. Golf etiquette). Rules of etiquette deal with issues such as safety, fairness, pace of play, and the player's obligation to maintain the golf course. And although there are no penalty points for breaking etiquette, players try to abide by it in order to maintain interest in the game and the opportunity for newcomers to gain experience.

There are severe restrictions regarding the status of an amateur player[16]. As such, anyone who has ever received a golf tuition fee or played golf for money cannot be considered an amateur and participate in competitions held for amateurs. However, amateurs may receive payment of expenses according to a strictly defined procedure and may accept non-monetary prizes within the limits set by the rules for the status of an amateur player.

The international standard of golf rules is maintained by The R&A, which was spun off in 2004 from the Golf Club of St Andrews, located in St. Andrews, Fife, in conjunction with the United States Golf Association. Association) (USGA)[14][15].
The rules are based on the principle of honesty. As stated on the cover of the official edition of the rules: "Play the ball as it lies, play the course as you find it, and if you cannot do either, do what is fair).

There may be various obstacles on the playing field: water obstacles, sandy obstacles, bushes, trees, tall grass.
To begin with, the ball with the player's identification mark is placed on the starting area (tee area). Ideally, a golfer would typically hit the main court with the first shot, run the ball over it in a few strokes (depending on the type of court), and hit the green - a pitch with perfect grass on which the ball rolls without interference. In order to hit the ball into the hole from the green, a special type of club is used - a putter.

The golf course consists of a series of holes, each of which has its own starting ground (Eng. Teeing ground). The starting area is marked with two marks showing the permissible boundaries of the zone where a ball peg (eng. Tee) can be installed. Also part of the site are a smooth field and an uneven field (Fairway and rough (English)) and other obstacles (English Hazard (golf)). The final part of the site is a hole, which, for the possibility of orientation, is marked in some way (usually with a flag). The hole is located on a special lawn "green" (Putting green (English)), where the height of the grass is minimal. In other places, the height of the grass may be very different in order to make it difficult to pass the site.

The earliest version of the Rules of golf was created in March 1744 for the Company of Gentlemen Golfers, who played at Leith Links (Eng. Leith Links) [9] (now The Honorable Company of Edinburgh Golfers, whose residence is the Muirfield site in the town of Gullane, East Lothian, Scotland). The first golf tournament, The Open Championship (English The Open Championship), took place on October 17, 1860 at the Prestwick Golf Club (English Prestwick Golf Club), South Ayrshire, Scotland

However, modern golf comes from Scotland, and the first mention of the game is the decree of King James II of Scotland on the prohibition of golf (1457), as it distracted archers from training [5]. For many golfers, a place of pilgrimage remains the Old Course at St Andrews golf course in St. Andrews[6], which is a Links type course (English Links) (the oldest type of course). The history of the Old Course dates back to 1574. A golf course is documented at Musselburgh Links (eng. Musselburgh Links) (East Lothian, Scotland) on March 2, 1672. This site is considered the historically first in the world, which is noted in the Guinness Book of Records

Painting depicting Emperor Zhu Zhanji of the Ming Dynasty playing chuiwang
While modern golf originated in Scotland in the 15th century, the oldest forms of the game remain obscure and subject to debate. Some historians[1] associate golf with a game that existed in the Roman Empire: paganica (paganica), in which the participants used a bent stick to hit a ball stuffed with feathers. According to one theory, paganica spread throughout Europe as the empire's territorial possessions grew during the 1st century AD. e. and gradually evolved into the game we know now[2]. Another point of view is that the ancestor of golf could be the Chinese game chuiwang (Chinese 捶丸 - push the ball), widespread in the period of the 9th-14th centuries[3]. A Ming Dynasty scroll dated 1368 and titled "Autumn Feast" depicts members of the Chinese imperial court brandishing what looked like golf clubs in an attempt to drive a small ball into the holes. Presumably, chuivan became known in Europe in the Middle Ages. Another of the early games that resembles modern golf is the game of "cambuca" (English cambuca, French chambot) [4]. This game was brought to the Low Countries, Germany and England.

It is believed that the game of golf originated in Scotland and was invented by shepherds who, with the help of staves (future clubs), drove stones into rabbit holes. Presumably, the game existed already in the 14th century, and in the 15th century several laws were passed in Scotland prohibiting the game of "gof". In the 17th century, balls were played with clubs already in the Netherlands. The game in its modern form took shape in the 19th century in Scotland.